Introducing the Process model for Incubators' Success by Considering meta- synthesis Approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Entrepreneurship , Faculty of Accounting & Management , Islamic Azad University of Qazvin , Qazvin , Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran , Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Accounting & Management, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin , Qazvin , Iran

Abstract

Incubators are Facilitating systems for developing innovation and Entrepreneurship. These centers which have been highly regarded and continuously increased their number are prevailing motivator for economical and regional development. However, current models for incubators which are introduced in the technical literature are not coherent and each of them focused on an individual aspect of this issue. Therefore, a holistic process model is required to explain progress process of technology units and consider success parameters which are the significant gap in the technical literature in this field. Considering the above-mentioned gap, this research work is aimed to introduce a hybrid model of model collections and components which are presented in the literature by using research synthesis method. For this purpose, this study presents a comprehensive classification of incubators' model in which 112 findings in terms of 25 components and six primary fields are identified. For introducing process model of incubators' success, findings are exactly described in terms of practical and comprehensible concepts. This model which is structured in three phases including Pre-incubation, Main- incubation and After-incubation, investigates the organizational mechanisms with a process approach to improve the efficiency of incubators during the different incubation processes. External environment and local context are implemented as influencial factors.

Keywords


  • فهرست منابع و مآخذ

    الف. منابع فارسی

    • خسروی‌‌، کوروش؛ حدیدی‌‌، حسین؛ خدابنده‌‌، لیلا و قیومیان‌‌، علی (1382)، آسیب‌شناسی مراکز رشد و پارک‌های فناوری ایران در برقراری ارتباط مابین دانشگاه و صنعت، مجموعه مقالات هفتمین کنگره سراسری همکاری‌های دولت، دانشگاه و صنعت برای توسعه ملی، اصفهان، مرکز منطقه‌ای اطلاع‌رسانی علوم و فناوری، https://search.ricest.ac.ir
    • سهرابی، بابک؛ اعظمی، امیر و یزدانی، حمیدرضا (1390)، آسیب‌شناسی پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده در زمینه مدیریت اسلامی با رویکرد فراترکیب، چشم‌انداز مدیریت دولتی، شماره 6، 24 ـ 9.
    • لطفی‌‌، لطیفه (1393)‌‌، آسیب‌شناسی عدم موفقیت واحدهای فناور مستقر در مراکز رشد‌‌، مرکز رشد واحدهای فناور استان سمنان، پارک علم و فناوری استان سمنان، https://www.sstp.ir

     

    ب. منابع انگلیسی

    • Adkins, D. (2001), A Report for the Japan Association of New Business Incubation Organizations (JANBO): Summary of the U.S. Incubator Industry, Athens, OH: National Business Incubation Association.
    • Adkins, D. (2011) A Report: Summary of the U.S. Incubator Industry and Prospects for Incubator Model Globalization, National Business Incubation Association, Athens, Ohio.
    • Allen, D.N. (1988), ‘Business Incubator Life Cycles,’ Economic Development Quarterly 2 (1), 19–29.
    • Allen, D.N. and M.L. Weinberg, (1988), ‘State Investment in Business Incubators,’ Public Administration Quarterly 12 (2), 196–215.
    • Al-Mubaraki, H.M. and Busler, M. (2013) ‘Business incubation as an economic development strategy: a literature review’, International Journal of Management, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp.362–373.
    • Al-Mubaraki, H. & Busler, M. (2014). Incubator Successes: Lessons Learned from. Successful Incubators Towards the Twenty-first Century, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 11 (1), 44-52
    • Autio, E. Klofsten, M.(1998).A comparative study of two European business incubators. Journal of Small Business Management 36,30–43.
    • Barrow, C. (2001), Incubators – A Realist’s Guide to the World’s New Business Accelerators, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
    • Bearse, P. (1998), “A question of evaluation: NBIA’s impact assessment of business incubators”, Economic Development Quarterly, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 322-333.
    • Becker, B. and Gassmann, O. (2006) ‘Gaining leverage effects from knowledge modes within corporate incubators’, R&D Management, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp.1–16.
    • Bergek, A. and Norrman, C. (2008) ‘Incubator best practice: a framework’, Technovation, Vol. 28, Nos. 1–2, pp.20–28.
    • Bench, S., & Day, T.,2010. The user experience of critical care discharge: A meta-synthesis of qualitative International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(4), 487-499.
    • Brem, A. (2011) ‘Linking innovation and entrepreneurship – literature overview and the introduction of a process-oriented framework’, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.6–35.
    • Booz,Allen & Hamilton. (2000). Corporate Incubators: Exploiting a Companyʼs Intellectual Assets. Communications,Media & Technology Group, Vol.6 Issue 3. 6p
    • Campbell, C. and D.N. Allen, (1987), ‘The Small Business Incubator Industry: Micro-level Economic Development,’ Economic Development Quarterly 1 (2), 178–191.
    • Campbell, C., Kendrick, R.C. and Samuelson, D.S. (1985), “Stalking the latent entrepreneur: business incubators and economic development”, Economic Development Review, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 43-49.
    • Carter, S. & Jones-Evans, D. (2000).‌ Enterprise and Small Business: Principles,Practice and Policy, Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow, England.
    • Centre for Strategy and Evaluation Services (2002) Benchmarking of Business Incubators, Kent (UK).
    • Chandra, A and Chao, C-A (2011), Growth and evolution of high-technology business incubation in China
    • Costa-David, J., Malan, J., & Lalkaka, R. (2002). Improving business incubator performance through benchmarking and evaluation: lessons learned from Europe'. Paper presented at 16th International Conference on Business Incubation, Toronto, Canada.
    • Dewson, S., Eccles, J., Tackey, N.D. and Jackson, A. (2000), Guide to Measuring Soft Outcomes and Distance Travelled, The Institute for Employment Studies, DfEE, London.
    • Fry, F.L. (1987), “The role of incubators in small business planning”, American Journal of Small Business, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 51-62.
    • Gerlach, S., & Brem, A. (2015). What determines a successful business incubator?: Introduction of an incubator guide. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 7(3), 286-307. 
    • Hackett, S. M. & Dilts, D. M. (2004). A Systematic Review of Business Incubation Research. The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 55-82.
    • Hansen, M.T., Chesborough, H.W., Nohira, N., Sull, D.N., (2000). Networked incubators hothouses of the new economy. Harvard Business Review 78 (5), 74–84.
    • Hisrich, R.D. (1988), “New business formation through the enterprise development center: a model for new venture creation”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM, Vol. 35 No. 4, pp. 221-231.
    • Available at:http://www.infodev.org/highlights/infodev-2009-annual-report-published.‌ Accessed on:February 15th 2019.
    • Jones, M. (2010). How to Create an Award Winning Incubator? 9th Annual Conference on Science Based Incubation, Liverpool, United Kingdom, November 17– 19.
    • Kuratko, D.F. and LaFollette, W.R. (1987), “Small business incubators for local economic development”, Economic Development Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 49-55.
    • Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G., 1977. The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data. Biometrics, pp.159-174.
    • Lazarowich, M., & Wojciechowski, M. J. (2002). Russian Business Incubator Program – The Functioning of Business Incubator Organizations: Legal Framework, Finances, Governance tructure and Tenant Relations. Ontario: School of Planning – University of Waterloo.
    • Lee, S.S. and Osteryoung, J.S. (2004) ‘A comparison of critical success factors for effective operations of university business incubators in the United States and Korea’, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp.418–426.
    • Lichtenstein, G.A., (1992), The Significance of Relationships in Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of the Ecology of Enterprise in Two Business Incubators, Unpublished Dissertation, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
    • Lumpkin, J. and Ireland, R.D. (1988), “Screening practices of new business incubators: the evaluation of critical success factors”, American Journal of Small Business, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 59-81.
    • Markley, D.M. and K.T. McNamara, (1995), ‘Economic and Fiscal Impacts of a Business Incubator,’ Economic Development Quarterly 9 (3), 273–278.
    • Mian, S.A. (1997), ‘Assessing and Managing the University Technology Business Incubator: An Integrative Framework’. Journal of Business Venturing, 12: 251–285.
    • Murray, c. turpin, M. Edwards, L. Jones. M. (2015), A qualitative meta-synthesis about challenges experienced in occupational therapy practice, British Journal of Occupational Therapy 2015, Vol. 78(9) 534–546.
    • National Business Incubator Association. (2013). Business incubation FAQ. Retrieved from http://www.nbia.org/resource_library/faq/#3‌ Planning, 40(2), 154–177.
    • Nowak, M. J.; Grantham, C. E (2000), Virtual Incubator: Managing Human Capital in the Software Industry. Research Policy, v.29, n. 2, p. 125-134
    • Peters, L., Rice, M. and Sundararajan, M. (2004) ‘The role of incubators in the entrepreneurial process’, Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.83–91.
    • Rice, M.P., (1992), Intervention Mechanisms Used to Influence the Critical Success Factors of New Ventures: An Exploratory Study, Troy, NY: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
    • Rice, M.P., (2002), ‘Co-production of Business Assistance in Business Incubators: An Exploratory Study,’ Journal of Business Venturing 17, 163–187.
    • Sahay, A.(2005), The Role of Technology Business Incubator, Angel Investor, and Venture Capital Fund in Industrial Development.
    • Sherman, H., (1999), ‘Assessing the Intervention Effectiveness of Business Incubation Programs on New Business Start-ups,’ Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 4 (2), 117–133.
    • Sherman, H. and D.S. Chappell, (1998), ‘Methodological Challenges in Evaluating Business Incubator Outcomes,’ Economic Development Quarterly 12 (4), 313–321.
    • Smilor, R. W. (1987). Managing the Incubator System: Critical Success Factors to Accelerate New Company Development. IEEE Transactions on‌ Engineering Management,Vol.34,No.4,p. 146–156
    • Smilor, R.W., & Gill, M.D. (1986). The new business incubator linking talent, technology, capital, and know-how. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
    • Soetanto, D.P. (2004) Research of the Role of the Incubation Policy in Helping the Growth of New Technology Based Firms, Globelics Academy, Lisbon.
    • Stall-Meadows, C., & Hyle, A. (2010), Procedural methodology for a grounded metaanalysis of qualitative case studies. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 34(4), 412-418.
    • Swierczek, F.W., (1992), ‘Strategies for Business Innovation:Evaluating the Prospects of Incubation in Thailand,’Technovation 12 (8), 521–533.
    • Temali, M. and Campbell, C. (1984), Business Incubator Profiles: A National Survey, University of Minnesota, Hebert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Minneapolis, MN.
    • Theodorakopoulos, N., K., Kakabadse, N., &McGowan, C. (2014).What matters in business incubation? A literature review and a suggestion for situated theorising. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21(4), 602–622.
    • Udell, G.G., (1990), ‘Are Business Incubators Really Creating New Jobs by Creating New Businesses and New Products?,’ Journal of Product Innovation Management 7, 108–122.
    • Voisey, P., Gornall, L., Jones, P. and Thomas, B. (2006) ‘The measurement of success in a business incubation project’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp.454.
    • Walsh, D., & Downe, S. (2005), Meta-synthesis method for qualitative research: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(2), 204-211.
    • Welsh European Funding Office (WEFO) (2005), Monitoring and Evaluation Guidance for Structural Funds and Partnerships, WEFO, Mountain Ash, April, available at: wefo. wales.gov.uk
    • Wiggins, J. and Gibson, D.V. (2003) ‚Overview of US incubators and the case of the Austin technology incubator’, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 3, Nos. 1/2, pp.56–66.