https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/ Quarterly Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies on Strategic Knowledge en daily 1 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_4165.html Knowledge management can be a valuable and effective measure to improve the performance of public and private institutions.There are barriers to the acceptance of knowledge management and the successful implementation of the knowledge management system which the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize these barriers.The statistical population of this research includes experts of a defense organization which by using purposive sampling and snowball judgment 22 people were selected as sample. Identification of barriers through literature review and research background and to validate and confirm the existence of identification barriers in the defense industry fuzzy Delphi technique and a questionnaire tool and to prioritize the barriers, using a pairwise comparison questionnaire and Fuzzy AHP technique were used. Based on the research findings of the Fuzzy Delphi technique, five barriers including strategic barriers, organizational barriers, technological barriers, cultural barriers, and personal barriers to the acceptance of knowledge management were identified and confirmed. Also, based on the results of Fuzzy AHP technique, organizational barriers in the first priority; strategic barriers in the second priority; cultural barriers with a in the third priority; technological barriers in the fourth priority and personal barriers in the fifth priority. All sub-criteria related to each barrier were also prioritized in a separate and final form based on the final weight of each sub-criterion. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_4166.html The development of intelligent programs and tools is undeniable and in today's world due to the impressive capabilities of artificial intelligence, it is used in various industries. The UAV industry is not separate from this, and today we can see intelligent UAV that operate without human control and according to their goals or objectives, and even in some cases (unlike automatic drones) take actions that cannot be predicted. But what is investigated in this research is the issue of civil responsibility of this kind of drones (UAV). The question that can be asked is who or what is responsible for compensation in case of losses from the activities of intelligent drones? Can such a smart product be held responsible for its harmful activities? What was obtained from this article with a descriptive-analytical method is the capacity of Iranian law in the possibility of crediting autonomous artificial intelligence with an independent personality, after which, in the event of a harmful action by an intelligent system (such as a UAV), the responsibility falls on the intelligence and compensation for the loss must be done by the same (from artificial intelligence income, insurance, compensation fund, etc). https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_4167.html Lifestyle, pattern or totality of behavior is caused by people's desires and preferences. Since desires and preferences are affected by the semantic system and beliefs of people, which is one of the semantic systems of religion and one of the semantic systems is religion, it can be said that religion has a significant effect on the type of life style and in a sense it is a style maker.. The main goal of the present research was to analyze the role of religion in the family lifestyle pattern with emphasis on the thought of Imam Khamenei, which was done based on the descriptive-analytical method. The researchers have collected the information of this research using the method of "checking evidences and documents" from Imam Khamenei's website and Hadith Velayat software during a 30-year period from "20/04/1370 to 15/11/1399". And in order to deduce from the results, Max Kyuda 2020 software has been used. The results of the research show that if religion is not present in family lifestyle, Western lifestyle and 9 consequences, if religion is not central in family lifestyle, eclectic lifestyle and 8 consequences, and if religion is central in family lifestyle, Islamic lifestyle and 9 possible consequences It is imagination. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_4168.html Investment security, as one of the key factors in economic development and attracting foreign capital, is influenced by the socio-cultural dimensions of societies. In countries with high cultural and social diversity, disagreement in attitudes and values can lead to a decrease in investors' willingness to enter local markets. The aim: to present a local model for ensuring investment security with an emphasis on the socio-cultural dimension. The type of research is applied-developmental with a mixed approach and the method used descriptive and analytical. The results show that the cultural dimension includes; 6 components and 12 indicators include: conscientiousness and responsibility (accountability and sense of ownership), entrepreneurial spirit and economic risk-taking (creativity and innovation and risk management), investor nationalism in investing in production (feeling of loyalty to domestic brands and participation in local development), consumer nationalism in consuming domestic goods (preferring domestic products and supporting national industries), civil freedom (right to choose and equality of opportunities), and negative attitude towards capital and capitalists (unfair concepts of wealth and fighting corruption). The social dimension includes 4 components and 8 indicators of social participation (amount of participation in social organizations and number of participatory projects), stability and security and social peace (existence of effective security systems and preparedness for crises), social cohesion and integration (social solidarity and cultural diversity and acceptance of differences), and public trust of economic actors (trust in institutions and organizations and supervision). and transparency) statistics and a model or template has been presented to the authorities. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_4169.html The events of November 2019, under the pretext of the increase in gasoline prices, quickly turned into a security crisis due to the security-disrupting actions of the domestic opposition and foreign opponents, and imposed heavy costs on the country.The research is applied in terms of purpose and has a qualitative approach. Data was collected using library documents and interviews with 15 experts in the specialized field until theoretical saturation was reached. The purpose of the research is to present a model for preventing security crises in Iran. The research results are derived from the content analysis method with data extracted from the structural and agency dimensions, respectively, with the highest coefficient in the structural dimensions: political components; reforming the judicial system structure, rethinking the political structure, developing the party system, and in economic components; addressing economic corruption, preventing inflation and rising prices, and supporting national production and in the security components; enhancing the capabilities of security forces, preventing the securitization of incidents, and developing people-based security, and in the cultural and social components; preventing the gap between religion and modernity, implementing the Iranian Islamic transformation plan, and ensuring cultural persuasion of public opinion and in the dimensions of brokerage: internal components; the oversight of the parliament over the performance of brokers, control of thugs and legal action against negligent officials, and in external components; countering the actions of subversive services, preventing the escalation of civil protests, and confronting foreign adversarial networks have the greatest impact on preventing future security crises. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_3623.html Energy security is a matter of significant concern for a diverse array of stakeholders, including policymakers,businesses, and the broader community, whose quality of life relies on a consistent and reliable energy supply.Asa result, corporations and governmental entities are increasingly exploring emerging signals and issuesthat could shape their future policy, allowing them to adapt to a rapidly changing environment. This researchutilizes text mining techniques and advanced probabilistic topic modeling to investigate future signals withinthe energy industry. It statistically analyzes energy-related texts by examining academic documents from2020 to 2024, focusing on identifying the characteristics of these texts as future indicators, particularly weaksignals. The findings indicate that weak signals primarily concern policies for integrating renewable energiesand blockchain technologies into policymaking, highlighting growing interest in high-capacity decentralizedenergy production, storage, optimization, and financial systems. Additionally, some weak signals point topolitical interest in the circular economy concept, which fosters conditions for a transition to a more circularsociety. This study provides valuable insights into the potential trajectories of the energy sector, sheddinglight on both prominent and emerging factors that may shape its future landscape. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_4170.html The Islamic Republic of Iran, in addition to being considered a regional power, is a country with a strategic scope of influence whose actions extend beyond the region, impacting the entire international arena and relations among global powers. Therefore, it is constantly influenced by global developments. The primary objective of this study is "to formulate strategies for enhancing the geopolitical power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West Asia region and prioritizing them." The research is of an applied and developmental nature, with necessary information gathered through document and record analysis, expert interviews, and questionnaires. A descriptive method with a mixed approach has been utilized. The statistical population of the study includes experts and specialists, with a total of 50 participants considered jointly in this research. For data collection and analysis, in addition to note-taking from library studies and conducting specialized interviews using document analysis and expert analysis methods, non-parametric descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed. Ultimately, 14 main strategies were identified. Based on the prioritization of these strategies according to seven factors determined in this study, their importance in strategy formulation is ranked as follows: political, economic, military, science and technology, geographical, social and cultural, and finally, environmental. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_3673.html The West Asia region is a region that has always been the focus of great world powers throughout history and many wars and battles have occurred in it. America is one of these powers that changed its presence in West Asia after September 11, 2001 and launched a military attack on Iraq and Afghanistan under the name of fighting terrorism. But this strategy changed over time until during the presidency of Joe Biden, the withdrawal of American military forces from Afghanistan happened, which increased the uncertainty regarding the American strategy in the region. The current research seeks to answer the question of using the analytical-descriptive method and the theory of offshore balance, what are the most important components of the American strategy towards the West Asian region in the Joe Biden administration? The conclusion is that the new American strategy has its own elements, which can be summed up in strengthening the military and defense capabilities of regional partners and leading them to determine their independent strategic destiny, Increasing interactions and dialogue between the countries of the region in order to solve problemsand emphasizing integrated deterrence, strengthening and connecting the network of alliances, collaborations and partnerships. security, https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_3816.html Technological transformations and the emergence of intelligent communication platforms have given rise to a new type of confrontation in which cognitive warfare—as the evolutionary stage of soft war—targets the perceptual mechanisms and decision-making processes of societies. This shift, particularly within the domains of cyber and media security, poses a fundamental challenge to national-level media policymaking. The central question of this study is: How does the transition from soft war to cognitive warfare affect the transformation of media policy foundations in the information age? To address this question, the research employs a qualitative approach using focus groups comprised of experts in media, cybersecurity, and cognitive sciences. The collected data were coded and analyzed through thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke’s model. Findings reveal that media policy, when confronted with cognitive threats, must transcend traditional frameworks and move toward flexible, data-driven, and adaptive mechanisms for managing societal perception. The main themes extracted include: (1) the necessity of redefining the role of the state in media governance, (2) the importance of enhancing cognitive literacy beyond mere media literacy, (3) strengthening technological capacities for monitoring and surveillance of the media environment, and (4) institutionalizing cognitive infrastructures to manage media-related threats. These results underscore the urgency of establishing proactive, cognition-oriented media governance—one that leverages emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics to bolster collective resilience against evolving threats. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_3847.html The phenomenon of "soft war" is an undeniable reality, and neglecting it does not imply its absence but rather a failure to address it effectively. Despite the strategic importance of countering enemy soft war, no specialized research has been conducted on establishing a Watching and Early Warning/Early Response System in this domain. This study adopts a developmental-applied approach using qualitative research methods with an exploratory design and grounded theory framework. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 academic and clerical experts, analyzed thematically to develop key processes for Watching, warning, and early response tailored to national conditions. An expert panel of seven scholars evaluated indicators derived from the designed system's subsystems, identifying key actors in the operational network of soft war. The study employs "reliability" as a criterion for ensuring the credibility of findings, enhancing confidence in detecting weak signals of change, understanding enemy strategic intentions, and issuing early warnings about potential threats in soft war. The proposed system contributes to strategic management in soft war and strengthens Foresight and Futures Studies by addressing critical gaps in national knowledge on Watching mechanisms. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_3919.html The culture of sacred defense is an aspect of identity with Islamic-Iranian origins. This culture has defined a new literature in management fields that must be exploited. Therefore, modeling this epic in the strategic management of key areas, especially the education institution, which is important in educating the revolutionary generation, is essential. In this regard, in order to explain the different dimensions of sacred defense for modeling, a research was conducted by asking the question: What role has sacred defense played in the strategic management of the key area of culture building through education? The type of applied research is developmental and descriptive in terms of historical method. The statistical population of the research included elites, teacher warriors and former and current education and training managers, who were purposefully selected with a volume of 20 people "until theoretical saturation". Data collection was carried out using library document study tools and questionnaires. Data analysis is "qualitative and quantitative". Reliability and validity of the quantitative part of the "questionnaire" Cronbach's alpha "∝" was used. Based on the findings, it can be concluded: Sacred Defense as an important source and a "strategic model", a multifaceted and vital role in planning, monitoring, analyzing and continuously evaluating in order to develop effective strategies, implementing and controlling their results in the key area of culture building, is directly manifested in strengthening culture building and also promoting the general culture of the country, especially in the education institution. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_3925.html The formation of nation-states introduced the concept of national sovereignty, which has subsequently faced new challenges due to evolving dynamics among international actors. This article aims to elucidate the emerging phenomenon of 'sovereignty evasion' in international relations—a concept shaped by technological advancements, globalization, and the rise of transnational actors that challenge traditional state sovereignty. An explanatory research method is employed for this purpose. Through content analysis of various sovereignty theories, the fundamental characteristics of sovereignty were identified. Subsequently, using logical analysis and confrontational reasoning, new defining features of sovereignty evasion were delineated, leading to its conceptualization within international relations. This study is innovative both in its subject matter and methodological approach. As it seeks to explain a novel phenomenon, it does not proceed from a hypothesis. The analysis reveals that sovereignty evasion represents a systematic pattern of agency that challenges the nine core attributes of national sovereignty—territory, nation, legitimacy, state institutions, independence, loyalty, accountability, and obedience. This is achieved through three primary mechanisms: 'avoidance of acceptance,' 'emancipation from domination,' and 'escape from control,' ultimately seeking to create alternatives to the conventional concept of sovereignty. Rather than constituting anarchic rebellion, sovereignty evasion emerges as a structured paradigm structurally opposed to national sovereignty and the nation-state model. It is characterized by features such as teranscendence of territorial Bonds, Transnational Community, Transnational legitimacy, Decentralized Transnational networked Structures, dependence, fragmented loyalties, and Transnational Authority. https://smsnds.sndu.ac.ir/article_4038.html Balochistan, Pakistan, a region adjacent to Sistan and Balochistan province, is one of the most important geographical origins of ethnic and sectarian movements in South Asia and the Middle East, which is of double importance in terms of the number and volume of activities of the active movements there. Some ethnic and sectarian movements and groups, by pursuing anti-security measures, have been able to influence security in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and also Iran, and have been active and taking measures at this level. This paper attempts to analyze and explain, from the perspective of the impact of mutual factors, the latest developments, actions, and performance of sectarian movements in Balochistan, Pakistan, in order to introduce the extent of the impact of these factors on the security of the border regions of eastern and southeastern Islamic Iran. The data collection method in this research is based on a library model, holding an expert meeting (with the presence of ten specialized experts related to the subject), and using up-to-date and international resources. On the other hand, an attempt is made to examine and explain the extent of the influence and susceptibility of factors branching from these groups on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the theoretical framework of futures studies (interacting factors matrix). The validity of the findings of this paper is due in the first step to the extensiveness of relevant sources and references, and in the next step to the confirmation and correction of the expert team.